How does settlement timing work when buying property?

Settlement is the day the balance of the purchase price is paid and legal ownership transfers to you. In most states the settlement date is fixed in the contract and can only be moved by mutual agreement, though the timing rules, the time of day settlement happens, and what happens if someone misses the date vary by state. If you fail to settle on time you can face penalty interest, extra fees, and — after a formal notice period — termination of the contract and loss of your deposit. Find your state below for the exact rules.

Settlement timing rules by state at a glance

RuleNSWQLDVIC
Time of dayUsually from 2pmStrictly by the contract's due dateIn practice completed during business hours via PEXA, typically afternoon
Moving the dateOnly by mutual agreement (unless the contract allows otherwise)Either party (buyer or seller) can extend by up to five business days by giving notice, without the other's agreementOnly by mutual agreement
If a party is lateThe other side serves a Notice to Complete (at least 14 days)Time is of the essence, so being late is a breach once any extension is used upThe seller may serve a Notice of Default requiring completion within 14 days
If the deadline isn't metTerminate, forfeit the deposit (up to 10%), sue for damagesTerminate and pursue remedies for breachTerminate, charge default interest, buyer covers the seller's extra legal costs

Most contracts treat the settlement date as a firm deadline (in some states "time is of the essence," meaning obligations must be met strictly by the due date). If a party cannot settle on the date, the other party can usually issue a formal notice requiring completion within a set period; failure to comply with that notice can lead to termination, forfeiture of the deposit, penalty or default interest, and a claim for damages. Because a delayed settlement can disrupt removalists, move-in dates, insurance, contractors and tenancy arrangements, both parties should plan for the possibility of an extension while still striving to meet the original date. At settlement, adjustments are also made on a pro-rated basis for outgoings such as council rates, water and other periodic charges, so each party pays only for their period of ownership.

On the day. Settlement runs electronically through PEXA and usually completes in the afternoon rather than first thing, because the banks need the morning to confirm the final figures and release funds. If the funds or documents are not ready before the day's cut-off, settlement can roll over to the next business day, which is when penalty interest and extra costs can start. For that reason, don't book removalists to arrive on settlement morning until your conveyancer confirms the keys have been released. The step-by-step of the day itself is covered in handing over at settlement.

Common questions

Can I change the settlement date after signing?

In most states only by mutual agreement with the other party, unless the contract specifically allows one party to extend. Queensland is an exception — under the Standard Contract the seller can extend by up to five business days on notice, without your agreement.

What happens if I miss the settlement date?

The other party can usually issue a formal notice giving you a set period to complete; if you still don't settle, they can terminate, keep the deposit and claim damages. The exact notice period and penalties depend on your state.

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